| 8.3.6 Verneinung im present perfect |
Wie leicht zu erkennen ist, hat das present perfect als zusammengesetzte Zeitform immer ein Hilfsverb. Wie bereits erwähnt, erfolgt die Verneinung eines Satzes über die Negierung des Hilfsverb.
| Beispiel | ||
| I have already baked the cake. | I have not (haven't) baked the cake.* |  |
| Have you ever been to London? | Haven't
you ever been
to London? = Have you not ever (= never) been to London? |
|
| She has worked here for 20 years. | She has not (hasn't) worked here for 20 years. | |
| We have just opened a bottle of wine. | We have not (haven't) just opened a bottle of wine. | |
| Have you seen Alex lately? | Have
you not seen Alex lately? = Haven't you seen Alex lately? |
|
| He has worked a lot recently. | He has not (hasn't) worked a lot recently. | |
| She has lived here since 1980. | She has not (hasn't) lived here since 1980. | |
* Already kann hier nicht benutzt werden, denn man sagt ja im Deutschen auch nicht: Ich habe den Kuchen schon nicht gebacken. Möglich ist noch nicht, also not yet.
Ist ein Modalverb vorhanden ("Ich habe es machen können"), dann wird das Modalverbes und nicht das Hilfsverb to have negiert.
| Beispiel | ||
| I have already baked the cake. | I cannot (can't) have baked the cake. | |
| She has worked here for 20 years. | She may not have worked here for 20 years. | |
| We have just opened a bottle of wine. | We must not (mustn't) have just opened a bottle of wine. | |
| He has worked a lot recently. | He didn't need to have worked a lot recently. | |
| She has lived here since 1980. | She has not (hasn't) to have lived here since 1980. | |
Auch hier kann man sich fragen, wie häufig solche Sätze tatsächlich aktiv gebildet werden. Und auch hier ist es abhängig vom Modalverb, to can, to may und to must sind tatsächlich ziemlich gebräuchlich auch in einer solchen Konstruktion. Man gewöhnt sich daran.
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